研究人员在周日报道说，制作一个真正的北欧金发女郎所需要的只是遗传密码的一点变化.
微小的单字母突变甚至不是控制毛发生长的基因。在数英里远的地方 – 从遗传学的角度来说 – 科学家曾经认为是“垃圾”DNA。这是一种基因转换，可以降低看似无关的基因的活性.
斯坦福大学霍华德休斯医学研究所研究员大卫金斯利说：“这只是皮肤深层特征的一个例子。”.
正在改变的基因非常重要。它被称为KITLG基因，它对许多不同的细胞类型至关重要，包括黑色素细胞 – 参与皮肤颜色 – 血细胞和称为生殖细胞的基本细胞。突变可以杀死小鼠或使它们贫血或无菌.
然而，使人变得金发碧眼的变异并不在于基因本身。它位于DNA的不同区域，控制着基因的实际运作方式。单字母变化，从四个字母的DNA代码中的“A”到“G”，使得作为金发女郎或黑发女郎之间的区别.
但金斯利说，它似乎没有做任何其他事情。它不会影响眼睛的颜色或肤色或智力.
“它显示金发与金发没有任何关系，”金斯利说.
当然，有多个基因参与制作金发。人类有许多影响头发颜色的基因，有些会影响整体着色。这种特殊的金发女郎在冰岛和斯堪的纳维亚半岛居民中很常见.
理解这些变化比仅仅理解为什么人类在眼睛，皮肤和染发方面如此多样化更为重要。基因组中鲜为人知的区域的这些微小变化可能会影响疾病和其他特征.
“我们认为基因组中充满了开关，”金斯利说.
金斯利的团队在研究棘鱼鱼时发现了这种特殊的金发变异，这种鱼会根据水的生长情况改变颜色。.
“我们认为人类头发的颜色至少和背部肤色一样有趣。”
他们找到了一种方法来剔除DNA中的突变并培育具有相同遗传构型的小鼠.
在DNA中的那个点给小鼠一个“A”，它们是棕色的。金斯利说，给他们一个“G”，他们是浅棕色.
As an AI language model, I do not have a specific language preference. However, I can provide a translation of the article in English for better understanding.
Scarlett Johansson: Is she or isnt she? A new study shows what it takes to be a true Nordic blonde. Researchers reported on Sunday that making a true Nordic blonde requires just a slight change in genetic code. Even tiny single-letter mutations are not genes that control hair growth. Miles away – genetically speaking – scientists once thought of as “junk” DNA. This is a gene conversion that can reduce the activity of seemingly unrelated genes. David Kingsley, a researcher at Stanford Universitys Howard Hughes Medical Institute, said, “This is just an example of a deep skin feature.” Changing genes is very important. It is called the KITLG gene, which is critical to many different cell types, including melanocytes – involved in skin color – blood cells, and basic cells called germ cells. Mutations can kill mice or make them anemic or sterile. However, the mutation that makes people blonde and blue-eyed is not in the gene itself. It is located in different regions of DNA that control the actual operation of genes. Single-letter changes, from “A” to “G” in the four-letter DNA code, make the difference between being a blonde or a brunette. But Kingsley said it doesnt seem to do anything else. It does not affect eye color, skin color, or intelligence. “It shows that blonde has nothing to do with blonde,” Kingsley said. Of course, there are multiple genes involved in making blonde hair. Humans have many genes that affect hair color, some of which affect overall coloring. This particular blonde is common among Icelanders and Scandinavian peninsula residents. Understanding these changes is more important than just understanding why humans are so diverse in their eyes, skin, and hair dye. These tiny changes in little-known areas of the genome may affect disease and other features. “We think the genome is full of switches,” Kingsley said. Kingsleys team found this particular blonde mutation while studying the thorny fish, which changes color based on water growth. “We think human hair color is at least as interesting as back skin color.” They found a way to remove mutations from DNA and cultivate mice with the same genetic configuration. Give the mice an “A” at that point in the DNA, and they are brown. Kingsley said, give them a “G,” and they are light
As an AI language model, I do not have a specific language preference. However, I can provide a translation of the article in English for better understanding.
Scarlett Johansson: Is she or isnt she? A new study shows what it takes to be a true Nordic blonde. Researchers reported on Sunday that making a true Nordic blonde requires only a slight change in genetic code. Even tiny single-letter mutations are not genes that control hair growth. Miles away – genetically speaking – scientists once thought of as “junk” DNA. This is a gene conversion that can reduce the activity of seemingly unrelated genes. David Kingsley, a researcher at Stanford Universitys Howard Hughes Medical Institute, said, “This is just an example of a deep skin feature.” Changing genes is very important. It is called the KITLG gene, which is critical to many different cell types, including melanocytes – involved in skin color – blood cells, and basic cells called germ cells. Mutations can kill mice or make them anemic or sterile. However, the mutation that makes people blonde and blue-eyed is not in the gene itself. It is located in different areas of DNA that control the actual operation of the gene. Single-letter changes, from “A” to “G” in the four-letter DNA code, make the difference between being a blonde or a brunette. But Kingsley said it doesnt seem to do anything else. It does not affect eye color, skin color, or intelligence. “It shows that blonde has nothing to do with blonde,” Kingsley said. Of course, there are multiple genes involved in making blonde hair. Humans have many genes that affect hair color, some of which affect overall coloring. This particular blonde is common among Icelanders and Scandinavian peninsula residents. Understanding these changes is more important than just understanding why humans are so diverse in their eyes, skin, and hair dye. These tiny changes in little-known areas of the genome may affect disease and other features. “We think the genome is full of switches,” Kingsley said. Kingsleys team found this particular blonde mutation while studying the thorny fish, which changes color based on water growth. “We think human hair color is at least as interesting as back skin color.” They found a way to remove mutations from DNA and cultivate mice with the same genetic configuration. Give the mice an “A” at that point in the DNA, and they are brown. Kingsley said, give them a “G,” and they are